Results from the first phase of the ReadTREAT project were presented at the 13th International Conference IcETRAN, held at Silver Lake, Serbia, on June 8–11, 2026, in the paper “Multimodal Biomarker Analysis of Reading Difficulties: Eye-Tracking, PRV, and EDA Stress Dynamics.”
The study aims to identify objective, non-invasive biomarkers of reading difficulties by combining three complementary measures: eye tracking (ET), reflecting eye movements and visual attention; electrodermal activity (EDA), indicating sympathetic arousal; and pulse rate variability (PRV), providing insight into autonomic responses to stress.
The paper examines three key research questions:
- Do children with reading difficulties and children in the control group show distinct ET, PRV, and EDA profiles during reading?
- Are there gender differences in these physiological markers?
- Do the differences between the two groups vary by gender (Group × Gender interactions)?
The paper was authored by Tamara (Jakovljević) Papić, PhD (Singidunum University); Katarina Stekić Stojanović and Vanja Ković (Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade); Ivan Vajs (Innovation Center of the School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade); and Marija Novičić and Milica M. Janković (School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade).
